What is the principle of learning that pertains to the impact of practice on retention?

The principle of learning that relates specifically to the impact of practice on retention is known as "Exercise." This principle emphasizes that the more a learner engages in practice, the stronger the retention of the material or skills becomes. It reflects the idea that repetition and active participation enhance the ability to recall information and perform skills effectively. Consequently, consistent practice not only reinforces the initial learning but also aids in encoding the information into long-term memory.

In the context of flight training or any instructional environment, this principle is crucial. As students, by continuously practicing maneuvers or concepts, develop muscle memory and a deeper understanding of the material, they become more proficient and confident.

Other concepts like Recency, Primacy, and Effect play roles in the learning process as well, but they do not specifically highlight the benefit of practice on retention to the same extent as Exercise does. Recency pertains to how recently information was learned and its immediate recall, Primacy focuses on the tendency to remember the first items in a series better, and Effect relates to the overall influence of practice on learning outcomes. Exercise stands out in this context as the principle directly linking deliberate and repetitive practice to improved retention.