Which of the following could lead to retrieval failure in learning?

Retrieval failure in learning occurs when an individual is unable to access or recall previously learned information. The option regarding lack of practice directly relates to this phenomenon because practice plays a critical role in reinforcing memory and improving recall. When learners do not engage with the material enough, they may not form strong memory associations or neural pathways, which are essential for retrieving the information later. This insufficient reinforcement can lead to forgetting, making it difficult for learners to retrieve knowledge when needed.

In contrast, overlearning, extensive feedback, and summarization are generally methods aimed at enhancing learning and retention, rather than contributing to retrieval failure. Overlearning can solidify knowledge even further beyond just adequate mastery, while extensive feedback helps learners correct mistakes and reinforces their understanding. Summarization aids in organizing information, contributing positively to the learning process rather than hindering retrieval.